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Viral Bacterial Diseases caused by protozoans Sexually transmitted diseases Non communicable diseases Cardiovocular diseases Cancer Human genetic disorders


DISEASE TYPES

Bacterial

TUBERCULOSIS

Causative agent- Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Symptoms-
  1. Fever
  2. General weakness
  3. Loss of appetite, persistent coughing
  4. Yellowish blood stained sputum
Prevention:
  1. Isolation of TB patients
  2. Health education
  3. Vaccination by BCG
Treatment:
  1. Streptomysin
  2. para-amino salicylic acid
  3. rifampicin










TYPHOID

Causative agent- Salmonella typhi.
Symptoms-
  1. Lesions and damage to the intestinal wall.
  2. Continued fever.
  3. Abdominal tenderness
  4. Headache, and slight vomitting
Prevention:
  1. proper community sanitation
  2. Personal cleanliness
  3. Protection of food and water dust and flies
Treatment:
  1. Ampicillin and chloromycetin


CHOLERA

Causative agent- Vibrio comma or Vibrio cholerae
Symptoms-
  1. Acute diarrhoea
  2. Vomitting
  3. Muscular cramps
  4. Stool is white and watery(rice water appearance)
Prevention:
  1. Proper heating of food
  2. Boiling of drinking water
  3. Proper disposal of wastes
  4. Prevent contamination of food by flies
Treatment:
  1. Replace fluids and electrolytes
  2. Tetracycline or other antibiotics


TETANUS

Causative agent- Clostridium tetani
Symptoms-
  1. Painful muscle contractions of neck and jaws.
  2. Increased rigidity of jaws-lock jaw
  3. Painful arching leading to death
Prevention:
  1. Active immunization incase of cut/injury
  2. Antitoxin serum- Human tetanus immunoglobulin (HTIG)
  3. The cut surface should be kept properly covered and
    bandagedto avoid contamination.
Treatment:
  1. Human tetanus immunoglobulin neutralizes
    the toxin Vaccine -DPT


PNEUMONIA

Causative agent- Streptococcus pneumonia

Pneumonia is caused by the inhalation of infected
microorganisms (tiny, single-celled living organisms, such as
bacteria, viruses, fungi or protozoa) spread
through contact with an infected person.
The microorganisms enter the body through
the mouth, nose and eyes.



Bacterial pnemonia:-

Pneumonia-causing bacteria is present in many throats, but when
thebody's defenses are weakened (for example, by illness, old age,
malnutrition or impaired immunity) the bacteria can multiply,
working its way into the lungs, inflaming the air sacs
and filling the lungs with liquid and pus.

Symptoms-
With bacterial pneumonia, the person may experience:
  1. shaking
  2. chills
  3. chattering teeth
  4. severe chest pain
  5. cough that produces rust-colored or greenish mucus
  6. very high fever
  7. sweating
  8. rapid breathing
  9. rapid pulse rate

VIRAL PNEUMONIA

Half of all pneumonias are believed to be caused by
viruses, such as influenza (flu), adenovirus, coxsackievirus,
chickenpox, measles, cytomegalovirus and respiratory syncytial
virus. These viruses invade the lungs and multiply.

Symptoms-
With viral pneumonia, the person may experience:
  1. fever
  2. dry cough
  3. headache
  4. muscle pain and weakness

Treatment:-

Bacterial pneumonia (caused by the streptococcus
pneumonia bacteria) is often treated with penicillin, ampicillin-


Viral pneumonia does not respond to antibiotic treatment.
This type of pneumonia usually resolves over time. If the
lungs become infected with a secondary bacterial infection, the
doctor will prescribe an appropriate antibiotic to eliminate
the bacterial infection.


Prevention:-
1.Practice good hygiene. Get a pneumonococcal vaccine.
2.Get a pneumonococcal vaccine.
3.Practice good preventive measures by eating a proper
diet, getting regular exercise and plenty of sleep.
4.Do not smoke.